Servers are often not that different in hardware specifications than standard desktop computers. What makes a computer server special is the server operating system and affiliated software that enables it to manage network activity and file sharing. Often, however, they are equipped with very fast processors and banks of hard drives, all of which generate a substantial amount of heat. To maintain proper operation, this heat must be dissipated, and the internal components of the server kept cool.

Servers are very vulnerable to overheating, which can lead to system crashes and data loss. For example, silicon-based processor and memory chips typically have maximum core temperatures under 100 degrees Centigrade, and high end processors can generate over 100 watts of heat in a very small area. System crashes and data losses due to overheating can be extremely costly, particularly in the operation of today's 24/7 electronic economy. In this case, the loss of the hardware is far exceeded by the business opportunities that are lost. It is absolutely crucial to design both the server hardware and the computer server room to prevent server overheating.

Optimum server performance and efficient network operation that is free from disruption can only be achieved if proper temperature in the server room is maintained. However, just placing an air conditioning system in the server room is not enough, and it is important to note the heat load that the computer hardware puts on the cooling systems. Furthermore, placement of ventilation ducts and fans need to allow efficient distribution of cool air and removal of warm air.

Generally, server rooms should have a temperature between 65°F to 75°F, depending on the specific types of equipment. A temperature level within this range ensures that the equipment can function at its peak performance throughout the day. A dependable and efficient air conditioning system is necessary to maintain the temperature level in the right range. Another thing to consider are backup power systems for both the server hardware and the air conditioning system. Both of these need to be protected from surges and power outages to enable 100% uptime.

Another thing to note is dust control in the server room. No matter how dependable the air conditioning system is, when dust settles into the equipment and vents, it can prevent flow of cool air to the critical hardware. Filtration systems with adequate frequency of filter changes ensure that the cooling system works efficiently in cooling system hardware.