The wiring and installation of rotary encoders should be conducted in strict accordance with the instructions of each product. While for general encoder installation guidelines, you should pay attention to the following aspects during your encoder mounting work.

1. Installation of Different Types of Encoders

1.1 Solid Shaft Encoder

For solid shaft encoders, you need to pay attention to synchronous flange and clamping flange, which are different on the mounting bracket. 

 Here are 3 methods of fastening solid shaft encoders.

*Use the mounting hole on the end face of the encoder flange directly to fasten the encoder and mounting brackets.

 *Use the mounting boss of the clamping flange to fasten the encoder and mounting brackets by the clamp.

 *Use the clamping groove of the synchronous flange to fasten the encoder and mounting bracket by an eccentric clamp.

1.2 Incremental Encoder

For incremental encoders, setting zero position through shaft or shaft sleeve and mark on flange will benefit the location assembly and use of the encoder. The fixed hole of the shaft sleeve on the through-hole / blind hole hollow shaft encoder corresponds to the zero mark position, which is the mechanical zero position, on the flange surface. 

 The plat of the solid axis encoder shaft, in which the centre line is aligned with the zero mark position on the flange, which is the mechanical zero position.

• About Couplings

*Keep the original state without any distortion when installing the coupling;

 *The torque of the top screw on the coupling is generally 0.6Nm. Excessive torque will cause screw damage;

 *The encoder and coupling shall be installed in a concentric position. Any deviation may cause the mechanical load on the encoder shaft to exceed the rated range.

1.3 Hollow Shaft Encoder with Blind Hole

For hollow shaft encoder with blind hole, whether it is an incremental or absolute encoder, note whether the length of shaft matches the depth of shaft sleeve. For example, dbs60, generally, the length of the shaft shall not be less than 15mm and not more than 40mm. And atm60_ SSI, generally, requires that the length of the shaft is not less than 15mm and not more than 30mm.

1.4 Hollow Shaft Encoder with Through Hole

For hollow shaft encoder with through-hole, if it's an incremental encoder, you can choose clamping ring and installation reed on the same side or different side. That is determined by the installation environment on site. Note whether it is more convenient to fix the clamping ring after the reed is fixed.

1.5 Installation of Absolute Encoders

The forms of mechanical installation of absolute rotary encoder include high-speed end installation, low-speed end installation, and auxiliary mechanical device installation.

• Installation in the Low-Speed End

Encoders are installed behind the reduction gear, such as the shaft end of the winch steel wire rope drum or the end of the last reducer gear. With this method, there is no gear to return clearance, and the measurement is more direct and the accuracy is higher. 

 You can use this method to measure long-distance positionings, such as various lifting equipment and feeding trolley positioning.

• Installation in the High-Speed End

Rotary encoders are installed at the rotating shaft end of the power motor (or gear connection). The advantage of this method is that it's of high resolution. Because there are 4096 cycles of the multi-turn encoder, the number of rotation rings of the motor can be fully used to improve the resolution with sufficient range within the range. 

 The disadvantage is that the moving object with gear clearance error after reducing gear is generally used for one-way high-precision control and positioning, such as roll gap control of steel rolling.

 In addition, if the encoder is directly installed at the high-speed end, the motor must vibrate slightly, otherwise, it is easy to damage the encoder.

• Auxiliary Machinery Installation

This method is commonly used in gear rack, chain belt, friction runner, and rope receiving machinery.

2. Possible Problems When Installing Incremental Encoders

2.1 Ignoring the Installation of Cabinet

As is known to all technicians, it is very easy to ignore the installation of the cabinet in the process of the installation of precision instruments. Choosing authoritative dealers who will pay attention to the overall details and wiring. The cabinet's stable state must be ensured during the installation process.

2.2 Ignoring the Whole

People usually pay attention to the subsystem carefully during the installation process, which may result in the neglect of the overall sensory acceptance. So it may lead that some wiring is not beautiful, information panel is irregular. Therefore, we should grasp the whole during the installation.

2.3 Wire Laying

It is necessary to lay wires correctly in installation and connection. The space between wires should be set to be less than the specified standard. If cross laying occurs, it is better to make the space between two wires keep within the specified standards. 

 During the laying of wires, there is preferably a certain distance from the wall. This distance is called safe distance by technicians, and PVC protection can be taken for the line when necessary. Besides, selecting qualified technicians is very important.

3. Matters Needing Attention When Installing Single-Turn Absolute Encoders

Single-turn absolute encoders measure each channel of the photoelectric code disk in rotation to obtain the unique code. When the rotation exceeds 360 degrees, the coding returns to the original point, which does not conform to the principle of absolute coding uniqueness. Such coding can only be used for measurement within 360 degrees of rotation, which is called a single-turn absolute encoder. 

 The following points should be paid attention to during the installation of a single circle absolute encoder:

*The encoder shaft and motor shaft shall be as concentric as possible.

 *The connection between encoder cable and extension cable should be welded as far as possible, in order to prevent poor contact caused by long-time oxidation, which will affect the signal acquisition.

 *The encoder cable is separated from connecting cables of high-power equipment, frequency converter and other equipment to prevent interference. After the collected grey code is converted into ordinary binary code, it can be corresponding to the actual position/angle value according to the conventional method.

 *It is better to select elastic coupling which can significantly improve the eccentric problem caused by poor installation accuracy or abrasion.

 *The encoder cable shall be of high-quality shielded twisted copper cable, which can reduce external interference and reduce signal attenuation.

The rule of converting binary grey code into natural binary code is to keep the highest bit of grey code as the highest bit of natural binary code. The second highest bit natural binary code is the high bit natural binary code, which is different from the second high bit grey code. The other bits of natural binary code is similar to the second high bit natural binary code.

4. Procedures for Installing Rotary Encoders

*Avoid loosening due to vibration during use.

*When connecting the encoder, please confirm that the load cannot exceed its maximum allowable value and deviation.

*Lock the screw around the encoder coupling shaft to avoid loosening during use.

4.1 Environment

Pay attention to whether there are interference sources around. The encoder is a type of precise instrument which is easy to be disturbed. If it is affected, it will also cause adverse effects on normal use. Temperature and humidity also need to be concerned and understand the scope of equipment requirements.

4.2 Axle Load

When installing the rotary encoder, you also need to pay attention to its shaft load and know its allowable range clearly. When connecting the signal line, it must not be connected to DC power or AC power, which will damage the output circuit.

4.3 Connection

In connection, the operator should avoid a rigid connection with the encoder but take the plate spring. At the same time, during the installation work, the encoder should be pushed into the quilted shaft gently. The encoder must not be knocked, which will damage the encoder and affect the shafting.

5. Installation of Servo Motor Encoders

In the installation of servo motor encoders, we may encounter various problems, including mechanical and electrical aspects. If the problems are not properly avoided or solved, they will affect the normal use and life of encoders.

5.1 Electrical Interface

The baud rate and transmission distance of the electrical interface can be selected according to the specific application environment on site. The actual transmission distance and transmission rate, installation of the encoder and communication cable are affected by environment, grounding and cable material.

5.2 Component Layout

When the encoder is installed on-site, it cannot be installed with high-speed interference source equipment such as frequency converter, transformer and solenoid valve. Besides, keep a distance of 10cm, or install a metal partition. When installing the module communicating with the encoder, it is not allowed to install with high interference source elements such as frequency converter and contactor or frequently disconnected switch element. In addition, keep a distance of 3cm, or install a metal partition.

5.3 Grounding Protection

The shielding layer of the cable shall be grounded at the signal receiving end in order to prevent the leakage current between the two grounding points from damaging the cable. If the shielding wire of the cable can not achieve good grounding protection, a separate grounding wire should be connected for shielding. 

 For long-distance grounding connection, yellow and green wires need to be added between the product shell and the grounding point as the equipotential compensation line. The shielded cable must be connected to the metal shell (encoder or electric cabinet) of the electrical components at both ends, and you should also ensure the correct connection.