Introduction

In this article, we’ll delve into a comprehensive example of a student management system implemented in the C programming language. This program allows users to manage a list of students, record their grades, search for students, and display relevant information. It serves as an excellent illustration of struct usage, file organization, and the implementation of a menu-driven console application.

Program Structure

Header and Definitions

The program begins with including the necessary header files and defining constants. The MAX_STUDENTS and MAX_SUBJECTS constants determine the maximum number of students and subjects, respectively. The structure Student is defined to store student information, including their name, roll number, and grades.

Main Function

The main function initializes an array of Student structures, students, and tracks the number of students using the numStudents variable. It enters a loop where the user is presented with a menu of options, and the chosen option is executed through a switch statement.

Menu-Driven Options

Add New Student: This option prompts the user to enter details for a new student, including their name, roll number, and initializes their grades. The information is stored in the students array.

Record Grades: Users can record grades for a specific student by entering the student’s roll number. The program then prompts the user to enter grades for each subject.

Display Grades: Users can view the grades of a specific student by providing the student’s roll number. The program displays the grades for each subject along with the student’s name.

Search Student: Users can search for a student either by roll number or name. The program displays relevant information if the student is found.

Modify Grades: Users can modify the grades of a specific student by entering the student’s roll number. The program prompts the user to enter new grades for each subject.

Display Students: This option displays a list of all students along with their names, roll numbers, grades for each subject, average, and GPA (Grade Point Average).

Exit: The program exits the loop and terminates.

Full source code in C Programming

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#include

// Define the maximum number of students

#define MAX_STUDENTS 50

// Define the maximum number of subjects

#define MAX_SUBJECTS 5

// Define the structure for a student

struct Student {

char name[50];

int rollNumber;

int grades[MAX_SUBJECTS];

};

// Function to add a new student

void addNewStudent(struct Student students[], int *numStudents) {

if (*numStudents < MAX_STUDENTS) {

printf("Enter the details for the new student:\n");

// Increment the number of students

(*numStudents)++;

// Get the details from the user

printf("Name: ");

scanf("%s", students[*numStudents - 1].name);

printf("Roll Number: ");

scanf("%d", &students[*numStudents - 1].rollNumber);

// Initialize grades to -1 (indicating not yet recorded)

for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SUBJECTS; i++) {

students[*numStudents - 1].grades[i] = -1;

}

printf("Student added successfully!\n");

} else {

printf("Maximum number of students reached!\n");

}

}

// Function to record grades for a student

void recordGrades(struct Student students[], int numStudents) {

int rollNumber, subject;

printf("Enter the roll number of the student: ");

scanf("%d", &rollNumber);

// Search for the student

int studentIndex = -1;

for (int i = 0; i < numStudents; i++) {

if (students[i].rollNumber == rollNumber) {

studentIndex = i;

break;

}

}

if (studentIndex != -1) {

printf("Enter grades for the student (subject-wise):\n");

for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SUBJECTS; i++) {

printf("Subject %d: ", i + 1);

scanf("%d", &students[studentIndex].grades[i]);

}

printf("Grades recorded successfully for student %s!\n", students[studentIndex].name);

} else {

printf("Student not found!\n");

}

}

// Function to display grades for a student

void displayGrades(struct Student students[], int numStudents) {

int rollNumber;

printf("Enter the roll number of the student: ");

scanf("%d", &rollNumber);

// Search for the student

int studentIndex = -1;

for (int i = 0; i < numStudents; i++) {

if (students[i].rollNumber == rollNumber) {

studentIndex = i;

break;

}

}

if (studentIndex != -1) {

printf("\nGrades for student %s (Roll Number: %d):\n", students[studentIndex].name, students[studentIndex].rollNumber);

for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SUBJECTS; i++) {

printf("Subject %d: %d\n", i + 1, students[studentIndex].grades[i]);

}

printf("\n");

} else {

printf("Student not found!\n");

}

}

// Function to search for a student by roll number or name

void searchStudent(struct Student students[], int numStudents) {

int choice;

printf("Search student by:\n");

printf("1. Roll Number\n");

printf("2. Name\n");

printf("Enter your choice: ");

scanf("%d", &choice);

if (choice == 1) {

int rollNumber;

printf("Enter the roll number of the student: ");

scanf("%d", &rollNumber);

// Search for the student

int studentIndex = -1;

for (int i = 0; i < numStudents; i++) {

if (students[i].rollNumber == rollNumber) {

studentIndex = i;

break;

}

}

if (studentIndex != -1) {

printf("Student found!\n");

printf("Name: %s, Roll Number: %d\n", students[studentIndex].name, students[studentIndex].rollNumber);

} else {

printf("Student not found!\n");

}

} else if (choice == 2) {

char name[50];

printf("Enter the name of the student: ");

scanf("%s", name);

// Search for the student

int studentIndex = -1;

for (int i = 0; i < numStudents; i++) {

if (strcmp(students[i].name, name) == 0) {

studentIndex = i;

break;

}

}

if (studentIndex != -1) {

printf("Student found!\n");

printf("Name: %s, Roll Number: %d\n", students[studentIndex].name, students[studentIndex].rollNumber);

} else {

printf("Student not found!\n");

}

} else {

printf("Invalid choice. Please enter a valid option.\n");

}

}

// Function to modify grades for a student

void modifyGrades(struct Student students[], int numStudents) {

int rollNumber;

printf("Enter the roll number of the student: ");

scanf("%d", &rollNumber);

// Search for the student

int studentIndex = -1;

for (int i = 0; i < numStudents; i++) {

if (students[i].rollNumber == rollNumber) {

studentIndex = i;

break;

}

}

if (studentIndex != -1) {

printf("Enter the new grades for the student (subject-wise):\n");

for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SUBJECTS; i++) {

printf("Subject %d: ", i + 1);

scanf("%d", &students[studentIndex].grades[i]);

}

printf("Grades modified successfully for student %s!\n", students[studentIndex].name);

} else {

printf("Student not found!\n");

}

}

// Function to display the list of students

void displayStudents(struct Student students[], int numStudents) {

printf("\nList of Students:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < numStudents; i++) {

printf("Name: %s, Roll Number: %d\n", students[i].name, students[i].rollNumber);

// Display grades and average

printf("Grades:\n");

for (int j = 0; j < MAX_SUBJECTS; j++) {

float grade = students[i].grades[j];

if (grade > 0) {

printf("Subject %d: %.2f\n", j + 1, grade);

} else {

printf("Subject %d: %s\n", j + 1, "N/A");

}

}

// Calculate and display average

int sum = 0;

for (int j = 0; j < MAX_SUBJECTS; j++) {

sum += students[i].grades[j];

}

float average = (float)sum / MAX_SUBJECTS;

if (average > 0) {

printf("Average: %.2f\n", average);

} else {

printf("Average: %.2f\n", "N/A");

}

// Calculate and display GPA

float gpa = 0.0;

for (int j = 0; j < MAX_SUBJECTS; j++) {

float grade = students[i].grades[j];

if (grade >= 80) {

gpa += 4.0;

} else if (grade >= 70) {

gpa += 3.0;

} else if (grade >= 70) {

gpa += 2.0;

} else if (grade >= 60) {

gpa += 1.0;

}

}

gpa /= MAX_SUBJECTS;

printf("GPA: %.2f\n", gpa);

printf("\n");

}

}

int main() {

struct Student students[MAX_STUDENTS];

int numStudents = 0;

int choice;

do {

// Display menu

printf("Menu:\n");

printf("1. Add New Student\n");

printf("2. Record Grades\n");

printf("3. Display Grades\n");

printf("4. Search Student\n");

printf("5. Modify Grades\n");

printf("6. Display Students\n");

printf("7. Exit\n");

printf("Enter your choice: ");

scanf("%d", &choice);

switch (choice) {

case 1:

addNewStudent(students, &numStudents);

break;

case 2:

recordGrades(students, numStudents);

break;

case 3:

displayGrades(students, numStudents);

break;

case 4:

searchStudent(students, numStudents);

break;

case 5:

modifyGrades(students, numStudents);

break;

case 6:

displayStudents(students, numStudents);

break;

case 7:

printf("Exiting program.\n");

break;

default:

printf("Invalid choice. Please enter a valid option.\n");

}

} while (choice != 7);

return 0;

}

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