Anti-Black Hole Hypothesis

20 February 2025

The Universe as an Anti-Black Hole

The nature of our universe has long been a subject of deep scientific exploration, with models ranging from the Big Bang to cyclic cosmologies. A new and intriguing perspective is the idea of the universe as an "anti-black hole", a concept distinct from a white hole hypothesis. The following conjectures are meant to be a thought experiment and not a rigid scientific exploration.

Defining an Anti-Black Hole

A black hole is a region where spacetime collapses inward due to extreme gravity, forming a singularity where matter and energy are seemingly lost from our observable universe.[1] A white hole, in contrast, is theoretically the time-reversed counterpart—a region that only expels matter and energy, never absorbing them.[2]

How an Anti-Black Hole Differs from a White Hole

A white hole, as described in general relativity, exists as a mathematical solution but has never been observed. A white hole would be an extremely unstable entity, spewing matter but unable to interact with its surroundings.[3]

An anti-black hole, however, would not necessarily be an explosive or isolated event. Instead, it could represent a universe-wide state in which the physics that govern black holes are inverted, leading to continuous expansion and evolution rather than collapse.

An anti-black hole would be something different:

Rather than being a singularity of infinite density, it would be an expansive structure that counteracts the inward collapse of a black hole.

Instead of trapping information, it could be a system where information disperses outward, maintaining balance in a larger cosmic system.

It may provide an explanation for the universe's accelerated expansion and its ability to distribute energy while maintaining its large-scale structure.

Key Features of an Anti-Black Hole

1. The Ever-Expanding Cosmic Horizon

Unlike the event horizon of a black hole, which acts as a one-way boundary to collapse, an anti-black hole's boundary is expanding outward at the speed of light/causality.

Objects within this system are never drawn to a central point but instead experience continuous outward movement.

This structure mirrors the expansion of the universe, where galaxies drift apart without a definable center.

2. The Anti-Singularity: A Destination That Can Never Be Reached

In a black hole, the singularity is an unavoidable endpoint for anything crossing the event horizon.

In an anti-black hole, the anti-singularity is an unreachable state—matter and energy are propelled outward indefinitely rather than collapsing inward.

This suggests a self-sustaining cosmic structure that prevents total gravitational collapse.

3. Energy and Information Redistribution

Instead of absorbing matter and locking away information like a black hole, an anti-black hole could serve as a mechanism for redistributing energy and information across the universe.

This could explain why the universe remains dynamic and structured despite the entropic pull of gravity.

4. Possible Connection to the Expanding Universe

If the universe itself functions like an anti-black hole, this could provide a new framework for understanding cosmic expansion and dark energy.

The accelerating expansion of the universe might be a fundamental property of this anti-black hole structure, ensuring that no object ever reaches a final state of collapse.

Implications of the Anti-Black Hole Hypothesis

Alternative to the Big Bang Singularity – Instead of the universe originating from a single point of infinite density, it may have always been an expanding anti-black hole-like system.

Resolution to Information Paradoxes – Unlike a black hole that seemingly erases information, an anti-black hole ensures continuous distribution of information. It is possible information entering a black hole is spread across the universe uniformly by some mechanism.

New Approach to Dark Energy – The force driving cosmic expansion may not be an external property but an intrinsic feature of an anti-black hole-like universe.

Resolving the paradox of time in an anti-black hole universe

Common sense indicates that if the universe was actually an anti-black hole, there would have to be a beginning, a time zero. This would contradict some of the conjectures listed above. However, recent studies regarding time have constrained its existence to an emergent, macroscopic illusion.

Time as an Emergent Property of the Universe: Quantum Entanglement and Phantom Time

Time is often considered a fundamental aspect of reality, but modern physics suggests that time may not be a fundamental property of the universe. Instead, it could be an emergent phenomenon, arising from deeper quantum interactions. At the quantum level, where particles exist in superposition and entanglement defies classical intuition, the very concept of a beginning or end to the universe becomes meaningless. [4]

1. The Emergence of Time from Quantum Mechanics

In classical physics, time is an absolute dimension, flowing uniformly from past to future. However, in quantum mechanics, the notion of a universal clock breaks down:

Quantum Superposition – Particles exist in multiple states until observed, meaning time-dependent change is only relevant when a measurement occurs.[7]

Entanglement and Timeless Correlations – When two particles become entangled, their states are instantly correlated, regardless of distance. This suggests that quantum relationships exist outside of classical time constraints.[9]

In this view, time is not fundamental—it emerges as a macroscopic effect when large numbers of quantum interactions create the perception of sequential events.

2. Phantom Time: No True Beginning or End

At the quantum level, the universe does not have a single beginning or end—instead, time is an illusion that arises from correlations between particles. This leads to the concept of phantom time, where:

The past, present, and future do not exist as absolute states, but rather as emergent properties of quantum entanglement.[5]

The universe has always existed in some quantum form, even before the Big Bang, in an eternal, evolving quantum state.[6]

The Big Bang may not have been a "start" but rather a transition phase in an ongoing quantum process.[6]

3. Quantum Gravity and the Absence of Time

In attempts to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity, many theoretical models remove time as a fundamental property:

Wheeler-DeWitt Equation – A key equation in quantum gravity that describes the universe without requiring time as a variable.[8]

Loop Quantum Gravity – Suggests space and time emerge from a more fundamental quantum structure.[10]

Holographic Principle – Time may be an illusion encoded in lower-dimensional quantum information.[11]

These theories reinforce the idea that time only appears to exist at macroscopic scales but is not present in the fundamental quantum fabric of reality.

Consequences of the Universe being an Anti-Black Hole

The Cosmic Horizon:

If the universe itself functions as an anti-black hole, then the cosmic horizon—the limit of the observable universe—takes on an entirely new meaning. In contrast to a black hole, where everything is drawn toward a singularity, an anti-black hole expands indefinitely from an anti-singularity. The anti-singularity could be defined as the entire universe. This concept offers a fresh perspective on cosmic expansion, dark energy, and the nature of space-time.

1. The Expanding Cosmic Horizon

In a black hole, the event horizon marks the point beyond which nothing can escape. However, in an anti-black hole universe, the horizon is not a boundary of no return but an ever-expanding limit to observation:

Objects within the anti-black hole are not falling inward but are instead moving outward.

As the universe expands, the cosmic horizon grows, pushing the limits of what can be seen.

No central singularity exists, meaning there is no ultimate point of gravitational collapse.

The entire universe is the anti-singularity

Unlike a black hole’s event horizon that can be passed, an anti-black hole’s cosmic horizon can never be reached.

This aligns with our observations of an accelerating universe, where galaxies recede from each other at ever-increasing speeds due to current theories of dark energy.

2. The Horizon as a Limit to Information

If the universe is an anti-black hole, then the cosmic horizon is not a physical barrier but an information boundary:

As space expands, more regions of the universe move beyond our observational reach.

This suggests that new space is constantly being "created", preventing the universe from ever reaching a static state.

The farther we look, the less information we can retrieve, much like an event horizon obscuring what lies beyond.

This model could explain the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation as the last remnant of a past state of the universe that is still visible before it too moves beyond our observational reach.

3. Phantom Time and Eternal Expansion

In an anti-black hole universe, time is an emergent property tied to expansion rather than a fundamental dimension:

There is no absolute "beginning" or "end" to time, just perpetual expansion that prevents collapse.

The concept of phantom time emerges, where past and future are relative rather than absolute.

Instead of a singularity at the beginning (Big Bang), the universe could have originated from a quantum fluctuation in an already-existing quantum state.

4. A New Interpretation of Dark Energy

If the universe is an anti-black hole, dark energy—which drives cosmic acceleration—may be an intrinsic property rather than an external force:

The same mechanism that prevents a singularity from forming could also drive continuous expansion.

Rather than being a mysterious force, dark energy may simply be the natural tendency of an anti-black hole universe to expand indefinitely.

This removes the need for exotic new particles or fields to explain acceleration, instead tying it directly to the universe's fundamental structure.

5. No True Edge, Only an Expanding Limit

In a black hole, objects move toward a center they can never escape. In an anti-black hole, objects move outward, but:

They never reach a final "edge" because new space-time is always expanding in an already infinite universe.

The cosmic horizon marks what is currently observable, not the edge of the universe itself.

Just as a black hole prevents escape, an anti-black hole prevents ultimate containment.

This suggests that rather than ending in a "heat death" or a "Big Crunch," the universe is in a continuous state of transformation, with no final state ever being reached.

Entropy in an Anti-Black Hole Universe

Entropy, the measure of disorder in a system, plays a fundamental role in our understanding of thermodynamics and the evolution of the universe. In a black hole, entropy is maximized at the event horizon, where information is seemingly lost, leading to the famous black hole information paradox. [12] One can argue for Hawking Radiation that tidies up this paradox, however it is inconsequential to how an anti-black hole universe works outside of a black hole. In an anti-black hole universe, where space expands indefinitely, entropy behaves in an entirely different manner.

1. Entropy in a Black Hole vs. an Anti-Black Hole

Black Hole

Anti-Black Hole Universe

Entropy is maximized at the event horizon, where all incoming information is trapped.

Entropy is maximized at the cosmic horizon.

A singularity represents the final state, where all energy is concentrated.

The entire universe is an anti-singularity; entropy disperses as space expands indefinitely from all points

Information seemingly vanishes into the singularity, leading to the black hole information paradox; unless Hawking radiation comes to the rescue.

Information is never lost but redistributed across an ever-growing cosmic horizon.

The system moves toward gravitational collapse.

The system moves toward continuous expansion and entropy growth.

2. Expansion as an Entropic Process

In an anti-black hole universe, entropy increases not by collapsing into a singularity but by expanding the volume of space:

New space is continuously generated, increasing the number of possible states the universe can occupy.

Matter and radiation become more spread out, leading to increasing disorder over time.

The second law of thermodynamics still holds, but instead of leading to a collapse, it drives the universe toward continuous evolution.

This aligns with our observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, which shows that the early universe was in a low-entropy state, and over time, entropy has increased as the universe has expanded. [13]

3. The Cosmic Expansion as an Entropic Process

If the universe is an anti-black hole, then expansion is driven by entropy itself:

The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy always increases.

Instead of collapsing into a singularity, an anti-black hole redistributes entropy across the universe, fueling continuous growth.

This could explain why the cosmic horizon expands—as entropy grows, space-time stretches to accommodate it.

The universe, rather than running toward a thermodynamic "heat death," could be in a perpetual cycle of entropy redistribution, where disorder fuels creation rather than collapse.

4. The Universe as an Entropic Engine

If the universe is an anti-black hole, then entropy serves a constructive role rather than a destructive one:

The universe does not head toward maximum entropy and stagnation but rather uses entropy to generate structure and expansion.

Entropy-driven expansion could explain the observed acceleration of the universe without the need for exotic dark energy.

Instead of disorder leading to the heat death of the universe, it ensures its eternal transformation.

The Redistribution of Space: From Black Holes to the Entire Universe

A radical hypothesis emerges when considering the universe as an anti-black hole: instead of information and matter being trapped and lost in a singularity, everything that enters a black hole is redistributed evenly across the universe. This concept challenges the conventional view that black holes permanently trap or erase information. Instead, it suggests they may serve as cosmic gateways, ensuring that space, energy, and information are continually recycled throughout the cosmos.

1. The Black Hole as a Cosmic Intake System

When matter and energy cross a black hole's event horizon, traditional physics suggests they are pulled toward an inescapable singularity.

However, quantum mechanics, especially the holographic principle, suggests that information cannot be truly lost.

If the universe is an anti-black hole, then black holes may act as channels that break down and redistribute matter and information rather than trap them permanently.

Instead of ending in a singularity, the energy and information from a black hole could be encoded and released back into the expanding universe.

2. How Information is Redistributed

If black holes are not endpoints but transformation points:

Rather than being trapped, the fundamental quantum information of ingested matter is immediately restructured and reintroduced into the fabric of space-time.

The cosmic horizon, acting as an information boundary, ensures that no data is truly lost but is instead spread across the universe.

This means that every black hole could serve as a conduit for the greater cosmic system, ensuring that the matter-energy cycle remains balanced and universal.

3. The Anti-Black Hole Universe as a Giant Redistribution Network

If the universe itself behaves like an anti-black hole, then it follows that:

Every point in the universe is interconnected, meaning that black holes may act like nodes in a cosmic web, facilitating energy transfer across vast distances.

The expanding cosmic horizon ensures that absorbed information is not lost but is instead encoded into the ever-growing structure of the universe.

This suggests a deep connection between quantum entanglement, space-time geometry, and cosmic evolution, where black holes do not destroy but help regulate the balance of the universe by redistributing space and information.

4. Implications for Cosmology and Physics

No true information loss: The "information paradox" of black holes is resolved by recognizing that all absorbed data is redistributed across the universe.

A self-balancing system: Instead of isolated pockets of extreme gravitational collapse, black holes may act as equilibrium points, maintaining universal homogeneity.

Quantum entanglement at a cosmic scale: If information is constantly being transferred, then every region of space is fundamentally entangled with all others, reinforcing a holographic perspective of reality.

5. Conclusion: A Universe of Continuous Recycling and Expansion

Black holes are not endpoints but redistribution hubs, preventing singularities and ensuring the universe remains connected.

The cosmic horizon encodes all incoming information, allowing space-time to expand while maintaining fundamental balance.

Rather than collapsing inward, the universe expands outward, reinforcing an eternal, self-replicating system where energy, matter, and information flow freely.

This concept redefines the nature of black holes and the universe itself—not as a system of isolated collapse, but as a dynamic, ever-expanding network of redistribution and regeneration.

Works Cited

[1] Overbye, Dennis (8 June 2015). "Black Hole Hunters". NASA.

[2] Carroll, Sean M. (2004). Spacetime and Geometry(5.7 ed.). Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-8053-8732-3

[3] Barceló, Carlos; Carballo-Rubio, Raúl; Garay, Luis J. (18 May 2017). "Exponential fading to white of black holes in quantum gravity". Classical and Quantum Gravity.

[4] Isham, C. J. (1993), Ibort, L. A.; Rodríguez, M. A. (eds.), "Canonical Quantum Gravity and the Problem of Time", Integrable Systems, Quantum Groups, and Quantum Field Theories, NATO ASI Series

[5] “Quantum Experiment Shows How Time 'Emerges' from Entanglement". The Physics arXiv Blog. Oct 23, 2013.

[6] Nambiar, Chandran KC, (11 January 2025). “The Enternal Universe- A Quantum Dialectical Perspective”, Quantum Dialetics blog.

[7] The Penguin Dictionary of Physics, ed. Valerie Illingworth, 1991, Penguin Books, London.

[8] DeWitt, Bryce S. (1967-08-25). "Quantum Theory of Gravity. I. The Canonical Theory". Physical Review.

[9] Zeng, B., Chen, X., Zhou, DL., Wen, XG. (2019). “Correlation and Entanglement. In: Quantum Information Meets Quantum Matter.” Quantum Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY.

[10] Bodendorfer, N. (19, July 2016). “An elementary introduction to loop quantum gravity.” ArXiv 1607.05129vl.

[11] Susskind, Leonard (1995). "The World as a Hologram". Journal of Mathematical Physics. 36 (11): 6377–6396. arXiv:hep-th/9409089

[12] Carlip, S (2014). "Black Hole Thermodynamics". International Journal of Modern Physics D. 23 (11): 1430023–736. arXiv:1410.1486

[13] Sanborn Scott, David (2003). "The arrow of time". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 28 (2): 147–149.