Understanding the basic terms for options is one of the first steps for being able to trade profitably in options. Options trading can help you manage risk and can be profitable but you must have a good foundational knowledge to really benefit from them. In this article I want to introduce you to a few of the basic terms you will run into when you are trading options. Remember you can also plug anyone of these terms into your Google browser and further educate yourself on these terms. The more you know the better off you are.

What is a stock option?

First of all Options are derivatives of something. That means an Option gains its value from some underlying instrument that has value. In the case of options trading the underlying instrument are stocks, commodities, futures contracts, foreign currencies, or stock indexes. So the options contracts would base its value on the values of whatever instrument you want to trade.

Now remember all an option is a contract between a buyer and a seller. In a contract both parties have to agree upon certain things. One of the first things that the two parties need to agree upon is the strike price. Simply put the strike price is the price in an options contract at which the underlying instrument is bought of sold if the options is exercised. So the buyer of the options contract reserves the right to purchase or sell the underlying instrument for a specified price or strike price. Think of it as the price you are locking in for a premium.

How much does a stock option cost?

The premium is the amount of money you are going to pay to lock in the strike price of the option. In other words, for a call option, I lock in the option to buy the underlying instrument for a certain strike price by a certain date. You will receive a premium for holding that stock for me until the option expires or ends.

Illustration: How a Stock Option Works

Take for example I believe the value of your house is going to increase from its' current value of $100,000 to $200,000 because there is a new sub-division coming in that you might not know about. I am going to pay you $10,000 right now for you to hold the house for me for three more months. By the end of three months, if I choose to, I will pay you $150,000 for your house. You just bought the house for $75,000, so hey you are getting to double the amount of money, so for this example you agree. Now remember no matter what you get to keep the $10,000 premium. So even if I decide not to buy your house for $150,000 you keep the $10,000. If I find someone willing to pay $200,000 for the house I will exercise my rights to purchase the house from you for $150,000. You would have made a profit of $85,000 from when you bought the house and my investment of $10,000 would gain me $40,000.

The expiration date, on options, is the date at which the options contract has to be exercised by or else it expires worthless. In the previous example I would only have 3 months to find a buyer willing to pay $200,000 before I would profit. The expiration date for most options is the third Friday of the expiration month specified on the contract. Because the markets close on Friday, technically speaking Saturday is when they officially expire, but that is only for trade clearing and resolution of errors. You could not contact your broker on Saturday and tell them you wanted to exercise your option rights.