The human heart is like a machine which functions because of electrical signals. It beats and pumps blood into the various parts of the body due to rhythmic contractions and expansions. This pumping activity is stimulated by electrical signals generated by the natural pacemaker, SA node, of the heart. But sometimes, there may be problems in the functioning. The Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the cardiac diagnostic test that helps understand such irregularities in the heart.

The procedure is simple and inexpensive. The patient is made to lie down on the examination table and about 10 to 12 electrodes are connected to his limbs – the arms and legs, and the skin on the chest area. The process takes only around 10 minutes and does not cause any pain or harm.

Now, in a normal condition, the Sinoatrial Node will send out electrical impulses for the contraction of the upper part of the heart which is divided into two auricles. This signal is then passed on to the lower end with two ventricles, which will contract following the auricles. When Electrocardiogram (ECG) machine is connected to the different parts of the body through metal rods, it will record these electrical signals that are generated. The information is recorded in the form of ECG readings called the electrocardiograph. The doctor will examine the "PQRST" curves which is nothing but the wave-like representation of the results. Abnormalities in the crests and troughs of the wave-graph will confirm ailments. The study of the cardiac rhythm is useful to study the anatomy as well as the physiology of the heart. It hence becomes easy to carry out further investigations incase of complications.

The ECG readings are useful to understand various aspects such as:

• Check rate and rhythm of heart-beats

• Understand risk of heart attack and probability

• Investigate breathing problems and frequent fatigue

• Chest ache

• Blood supply to various parts of the body

We have only discussed few of the many aspects which can be examined. Palpitations, stress, syncope and other cardiac diseases can also be studied. However, irregular abnormalities can go unnoticed by this technique. In such cases the negatively confirmed test, which indicates no abnormality, can be wrong and the patient can be a sufferer of coronary artery disease and other chronic cardiac sickness.

Nevertheless, in case of any discomfort or concerns about health one must not hesitate to get diagnostic tests done. There is ample amount of information, medical news, forums, aids etc available to the common man. Living a healthier and more aware life is much easier today and one must make the most of such facilities.