Invented in 1936 and first utilized in radios around 1942, the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is now found in almost every electronic device around the world. The use of Printed Circuit Board became popular during the 1950s. Previous to using circuit boards, components in electronic goods had to be hand soldered with wires, a method that did not lend itself to automation.

Designing And Making Of Printed Circuit Board:

The Printed Circuit Board is typically designed using CAD software. The materials used in the making of Printed Circuit Board are commonly FR4, FR4 High Temperature, Nelco, Polyimide, GeTek, Rogers, Ceramic, Arlon, Alumina, FR1, Bakelite, CEM5, and CEM1. The requirement of the circuit determines the dimension and thickness of the PCB. A layer of copper is coated over the substrate and with the help of photosensitive coating; the diagram of the circuit is printed. Later the extra copper coating is removed to form copper tracks that act as connecting links in the board.

After this, holes are drilled on the board to connect the electrical components. The drilling is done carefully with the help of Tungsten Carbide drill bits, in some cases, laser is also used. The holes are filled with the process of electroplating, allowing easy electrical connection.

Masking Of Printed Circuit Board:

The process of masking is carried on to cover the entire board excluding the holes. This is done using OSP (Entek), Immersion Gold (Electroless Nickel Gold - ENIG), Wire Bondable Gold (99.99% Pure Gold), Deep/Hard Gold (Electrolytic Nickel Gold), Immersion Silver, Carbon Ink, Flash Gold, Immersion Tin (White Tin), and SN 100CL, an alloy of Copper, Tin, and Nickel. The process of masking helps in protecting the PCB from any external damage.

Testing Of Printed Circuit Board:

The testing of PCB is done to make sure the board works flawlessly. The two major flaws a PCB faces are "open" and "shorts". Here, either there has been an undesired connection or a connection is missing. PCB Manufacturers must make sure that proper testing is carried out before the PCB is assembled.

Different Types Of Printed Circuit Boards:

Single Sided Board

As the name suggests, this is a single layer board, where the connection is built through the sides.

Double Sided Board

This is among the most commonly used board; here the connection can be formed on both the sides of the board. Such board use through-hole construction for component assembly.

Multi Layered Board

This board consists of various layers ranging from 4-10. The layers can also reach up to 42 as per the demand and requirement of client.

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