Introduction

On October 19, 1987, global financial markets experienced one of the most shocking and sudden crashes in history. This day became known as Black Monday, when the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell by an unprecedented 22.6% in a single day, the largest one-day percentage drop ever recorded in U.S. stock market history.

What Caused the Crash?

Several key factors contributed to the crash:

Program Trading: Computerized trading systems were set up to automatically sell stocks during declines, which accelerated the crash.

Market Overvaluation: Stocks had been rising rapidly in the years leading up to 1987, creating a bubble.

Investor Panic: Once the decline began, fear spread quickly, leading to mass sell-offs.

Global Impact: International markets were also affected, with similar drops seen in markets across Europe and Asia.

How Bad Was It?

The Dow Jones dropped over 500 points in one day.

Global markets lost hundreds of billions of dollars.

Confidence in the financial system was severely shaken.

Aftermath and Reforms

In response to Black Monday, regulators introduced new safeguards such as:

Circuit Breakers: Automatic trading halts during steep market declines to prevent panic selling.

Market Reforms: Improvements in communication, transparency, and risk management across financial institutions.

Lessons from Black Monday

Markets can be highly unpredictable.

Technology can both help and hurt trading systems.

Emotional reactions from investors can trigger massive market moves.

Conclusion

Black Monday remains a powerful reminder of how quickly financial markets can change. While much has been done to prevent a similar event, the 1987 crash still serves as a lesson in risk, emotion, and the importance of financial stability.