We all know the massive data breach stories that dominate headlines, the Equifaxes and the Targets that exposed millions. But what about the breaches that almost happened? The ones where security teams caught the threat just in time, or where a single employee's vigilance prevented catastrophe?

These "near miss" stories are often more fascinating and more instructive than the biggest breaches because they show us what effective security looks like in action. They're the digital equivalent of catching a burglar while they're still picking the lock.

Let me share some of the most dramatic near misses you've probably never heard about.

1. The GitHub Attack That Almost Hijacked the Internet's Code

What Happened: In 2018, hackers used automated scanning to find weak passwords on GitHub accounts. They weren't after user data they were trying to inject malicious code into popular open-source projects that millions of websites depend on.

The Near Miss: GitHub's security team detected the pattern and forced password resets across vulnerable accounts within hours. Their monitoring systems caught the automated attacks before any malicious code could be merged into critical projects.

Why It Matters: This wasn't just about stolen passwords it was an attempt to compromise the very foundation of modern software. If successful, it could have created backdoors in thousands of major websites and applications.

2. The Hospital Ransomware That Got Locked Out

What Happened: A major hospital system detected unusual network activity that turned out to be ransomware systematically encrypting patient files across their network.

The Near Miss: Because they had implemented network segmentation keeping different systems separated the infection was contained to non-critical areas. Their backup systems allowed them to restore affected files without paying the ransom.

Why It Matters: Healthcare organizations are prime targets for ransomware because lives are literally at stake. This near miss shows how proper network architecture can prevent a crisis rather than just responding to one.

3. The Retailer That Spotted the Insider Threat

What Happened: A national retailer's security team noticed an employee downloading massive amounts of customer data to a personal device during off-hours.

The Near Miss: Their behavior analytics software flagged the unusual activity, and security intervened before the data could leave the building. The employee was attempting to steal customer information for identity theft.

Why It Matters: Sometimes the biggest threat isn't from outside hackers but from trusted insiders. This case shows how monitoring for unusual behavior patterns can prevent devastating internal breaches.

4. The Credit Bureau That Almost Had Another Equifax

What Happened: One of the major credit bureaus not Equifax discovered a vulnerability in their system that was nearly identical to the one that caused the 2017 Equifax breach.

The Near Miss: Their new security protocols, implemented post-Equifax, detected the vulnerability during a routine scan and patched it before hackers could exploit it.

Why It Matters: This proves that lessons from major breaches can lead to tangible improvements. The security investment made after one company's failure potentially saved millions of consumers from another disaster.

5. The Social Media Platform That Caught the State-Sponsored Attack

What Happened: A social media company detected sophisticated hacking attempts that forensic analysis later revealed came from a nation-state actor.

The Near Miss: Their threat intelligence team identified the patterns associated with state-sponsored attacks and implemented additional security measures that blocked the attempts before any user data was compromised.

Why It Matters: This shows that even the most determined attackers can be stopped with proper resources and vigilance. It's a reminder that some breaches aren't about money—they're about influence and espionage.

What These Near Misses Teach Us

The common thread in all these stories isn't fancy technology it's vigilance. Each near miss succeeded because:

Someone was watching—active monitoring caught unusual patterns

The company had prepared—they had response plans ready to execute

Security was prioritized—not as an afterthought, but as core to operations

These stories matter because they prove that good security isn't about creating impenetrable fortresses. It's about having systems that can detect and respond to threats quickly. The most secure organizations aren't those that never get attacked, but those that can contain attacks before they become catastrophes.

Understanding what constitutes a data breach, including the ones that almost happened, can help you better protect your own information.

The next time you hear about a company that detected and stopped a breach early, remember that's not just a non-story. It's a masterclass in how data protection should work, and proof that with the right systems and vigilance, companies can protect our data effectively.