During earlier 1950s, there was a notion that adipose tissue was just a simple storehouse of fat and fatty acids. There were several reports suggesting its fat contents; one report was published by Von Gierke, who proved that glycogen accumulation in this active metabolic tissue takes place when an animal either fasts, takes excess food or moderate food. He also ended saying that the adipose tissue also has its own internal metabolism.

Certain theories and practical evidences came after this report and supported the metabolism of adipose tissue inside the body. Now, that it is proved and widely recognized, adipose is the main function of the fat cells and also the storehouse of energy in the form of tryglicerides; again, it also involves in sex hormones metabolism. The fat cell is one among the most metabolically active tissues in the human body that triples the blood circulation of any other organ in the human body. Adipocytes are special in structure that helps in uptake and release of energy as fatty acids.

These fatty acids accumulate as small triglycerides units inside the fat cell, and get released as fatty acids back to the circulation whenever needed. The metabolic turnovers also vary according to the location of adipocytes. For active metabolism, the fat cells have got two poles; a lipogenic pole and a lipolytic pole. In lipogenic pole fatty acids are absorbed form the blood while circulation and in lipolytic triglycerides accumulate in the fat cell and get released back into the blood circulation.

Hence, both the poles take part in two different metabolic regulations. Usually, fatty acids for triglycerides synthesis are a derivative of hydrolysis of those circulating lipoproteins by an enzyme called lipoprotein Lipase(LPL); this enzyme helps in hydrolysis of chylomichrons and also very Low Density Lipoproteins and results in fatty acids formation. Lipolysis is process where the chemical decomposition and release of fat from adipose tissue takes place. This process occurs when additional energy is required for the body; hence, it dominates the lypogenesis process.

Usually, the triglycerides within the adipocyte are attacked by a multi-enzyme complex known as hormone sensitive lipase that helps in hydrolysis and results fatty acids and glycerol formation. The function of lipolytic pole of the fat cell was a question due to lack of proper evidence and hence researchers tried and found out its activity in lipid synthesis and metabolism with respect to lipogenic one A complex system of hormones and enzymes; these as a group help in controlling the fatty acids to release from adipose cells. Such secretions include insulin from pancreas, several adrenergic receptors, thyroid hormones from thyroid gland and also adrenal steroids including Phosphodiesterase activity, Proteinkinase, Hormone sensitive Lipase. These hormones and enzymes stimulate the lipolysis process.