Fire safety continues to be a significant concern in the construction industry, with England experiencing over 38,000 building fires in the previous year. While steel itself is non-combustible, it can weaken at extreme temperatures, making fire-resistant design crucial. The upcoming 2025 fire regulations introduce substantial changes that developers and contractors must prepare for now.

1. The Shift to BS EN 13501 Standards

The 2025 updates to Approved Document B mark a significant shift by replacing the outdated BS 476 fire testing standard with the BS EN 13501 standard. This change aligns the UK with European fire classifications, impacting fire resistance ratings for materials in steel construction. Compliance with these new standards is a priority for all new projects, ensuring that materials meet the required fire safety criteria.

Key Changes in BS EN 13501:

• Classification System: The new standard uses a classification system that categorizes materials based on their performance in fire tests, such as A1, A2, B, C, D, E, and F. This system provides a clearer and more consistent way to evaluate fire resistance.

• Testing Methods: BS EN 13501 involves more rigorous testing methods compared to the previous standard, ensuring that materials are thoroughly assessed for their fire resistance capabilities.

• Impact on Steel Construction: For steel construction, this means that materials used in conjunction with steel must meet these new standards, ensuring that the entire structure provides adequate fire protection.

2. The Importance of Intumescent Coatings

Steel does not burn, but intense heat can compromise its structural integrity. Intumescent coatings play a crucial role in delaying structural failure by expanding under heat and forming a protective barrier. Under the new regulations, these coatings must meet the BS EN 13501 fire ratings to ensure adequate protection.

How Intumescent Coatings Work:

• Expansion under Heat: When exposed to high temperatures, intumescent coatings expand significantly, creating a thick, insulating layer that protects the steel from heat.

• Protection Duration: The duration of protection provided by intumescent coatings can vary depending on their thickness and composition, but they are designed to maintain structural integrity long enough for evacuation and firefighting efforts.

• Compliance with Regulations: Ensuring that intumescent coatings meet the new fire ratings is essential for compliance with the 2025 regulations, providing peace of mind for building occupants and owners.

3. Strengthening Fire Containment with Passive Protection

Fire-rated walls, doors, and ceilings are critical in compartmentalizing buildings, preventing fire and smoke from spreading uncontrollably. Fire stopping systems, such as sealants and barriers, further reinforce containment, ensuring that escape routes remain accessible and structural damage is minimized.

Components of Passive Protection:

• Fire-Rated Materials: These materials are designed to resist fire for a specified period, allowing time for evacuation and firefighting.

• Fire Stopping Systems: These systems seal gaps and joints in fire-rated assemblies, preventing the spread of fire and smoke through these openings.

• Regular Maintenance: Regular inspection and maintenance of passive protection systems are essential to ensure they remain effective over time.

4. Sustainable Fire Safety: Adapting to New Regulations

With growing environmental concerns, fire safety regulations are evolving to incorporate sustainability. The 2025 ban on AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam) fire extinguishers means that buildings must adopt alternative fire suppression systems. Developers should also consider fire-resistant materials that align with both safety and sustainability objectives.

Sustainable Fire Safety Measures:

• Alternative Fire Suppression Systems: Systems like clean agent extinguishers or water mist systems offer environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional fire extinguishers.

• Eco-Friendly Materials: Choosing materials with low environmental impact that also meet fire safety standards can enhance the sustainability of a building.

• Life Cycle Assessment: Conducting a life cycle assessment of materials and systems helps identify their environmental footprint and ensures that fire safety measures are sustainable over the long term.

5. PEEPs: Making Evacuations Safer for Everyone

Fire safety measures must prioritize human lives. In 2025, Personal Emergency Evacuation Plans (PEEPs) will become mandatory for high-risk buildings, ensuring safe escape plans for vulnerable occupants. For steel-framed structures, this means improved accessibility, clear signage, and designated refuge areas.

Implementing PEEPs:

• Risk Assessment: Conducting a thorough risk assessment to identify vulnerable individuals and potential evacuation challenges.

• Customized Plans: Developing customized evacuation plans that account for the specific needs of all occupants.

• Regular Training: Providing regular training and drills to ensure that occupants are familiar with evacuation procedures.

Looking Ahead: Fire Safety in Steel Construction

As regulations tighten, proactive fire safety planning is essential. Companies like Carnegie Steel Buildings remain committed to supporting clients with compliance and fire-resistant building solutions. To stay ahead of these changes, it is crucial to engage with experts who can help navigate the evolving landscape of fire safety regulations.

Preparing for the Future

To prepare for the future of fire safety in steel construction, developers and contractors should focus on the following strategies:

• Stay Informed: Keep up-to-date with the latest regulatory changes and technological advancements in fire safety.

• Collaborate with Experts: Work closely with fire safety experts to ensure that all projects meet the new standards.

• Invest in Sustainable Solutions: Prioritize sustainable fire safety solutions that not only meet regulatory requirements but also contribute to a more environmentally friendly construction industry.

By adopting these strategies, the construction industry can ensure that steel buildings are not only safe but also sustainable and compliant with the evolving regulatory landscape.

Fire safety in steel construction is a multifaceted challenge that requires careful planning, adherence to new regulations, and a commitment to sustainability. As the industry moves forward into 2025, embracing these changes will be crucial for ensuring the safety of occupants and the longevity of buildings. Whether through the use of intumescent coatings, passive protection systems, or sustainable fire suppression methods, staying ahead of the curve in fire safety is essential for success in the construction sector.